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Dr. Andrew Fergusson, talks about his
years of experience in medicine and bioethics, here and abroad, in an
interview with Sarah J. Flashing, former Director of Church Relations for
The Center for Bioethics & Human Dignity.
SJF: What is your impression of the American bioethics arena?
AF: Very big, very exciting, slightly scary.
SJF: How do American and British bioethics compare?
AF: Let me break that up into three categories: taking life, making life,
and faking life. On the traditional ‘taking life’ issues, we are about equal
on abortion statistics but the US is much more polarized on the politics.
Abortion is a big political issue here; it isn’t-yet- in the UK. On
euthanasia, and notwithstanding Oregon, the UK is in imminent danger of
being well ahead of the US. There will be a Parliamentary debate on October
10 and it is likely that following that we will see launched a new
legislative attempt to introduce Oregon-style physician assisted suicide in
the UK. This has a real chance of going through.
In ‘making life’ Britain is legislatively ahead on artificial reproductive
technologies but I am sure there are forces in the US who would like to
catch up. ‘Faking life’ through artificial intelligence, robotics, etc., is
ahead in the US because of the financial investment required and because
Americans are already more sold on enhancement.
And of course, the whole of bioethics is rapidly succumbing to globalization
so we could expect these differences progressively to disappear.
SJF: What is your particular area of expertise in the field?
AF: In the early 1990s I got into the British euthanasia debate and so I
suppose I have specialized in end-of-life issues. How did I get into that?
In March 1990 I was flicking through my copy of the British family
physicians’ journal, and almost missed an article about resources, the
elderly, and euthanasia. When I realized what the title said I read it
carefully. I was appalled (the euthanasia proposed was not even voluntary!)
and I immediately telephoned the journal’s editorial office to find out
about deadlines for letters, could I write an article in reply, etc. I
finished by saying “But of course there’s no point in me doing anything,
because you must have had lots of responses in by now.” There was a long
silence and then the editor said “Well actually we did think it was pretty
controversial but in the last month we haven’t heard from anybody until you
today.” That did it. God kind of said to me there and then: you do it. So I
wrote a strong letter that got published, was invited to join a new
coalition Nigel Cameron was setting up, and the rest, as they say, is
history.
SJF: What, in general, do you regard as the most urgent area of concern
in bioethics today?
AF: It’s really hard to split the issues up! I think we have to keep working
to stop the killing we are already doing as well as working to stop any new
ways of killing people. I think we also have to respond to the ever-growing
assaults on human dignity. As a former family physician I think the just
delivery of healthcare is a major ethical issue.
SJF: In the next decade, what do you believe will be the most pressing
issues?
AF: A former British prime minister was once asked what he most feared in
politics. His famous reply was “Events, my dear boy, events.” In other
words, we never know what developments might occur, and the pace of biotech
development is just awesome. The most pressing issue will be the continued
pursuit toward unfettered science. I fear unfettered science; I fear
bioethics without boundaries.
SJF: What role, if any, do you believe the Bible plays in engaging
bioethics in the public square?
AF: Half way through my medical training I chose to become a committed
Christian because I was overwhelmed by the weight of the evidence. The Bible
gives us the best account of the way the world is, and of the strengths and
weaknesses of human beings. That account remains true and so, for example,
the Bible’s foundational principles about humans being made in the image of
God and their consequent dignity and responsibilities are enormously
important.
SJF: What role should the church play in bioethics today?
AF: Bioethics is the quintessentially multidisciplinary subject and so
theologians must join moral philosophers, health professionals, scientists,
lawyers, and all, in the debates. Ordinary church members have a duty to be
adequately up-to-speed so their pastors and teachers need basic material at
the appropriate level. That’s where CBHD can help to educate and equip. The
church should model Good Samaritan neighbor care that recognizes human
dignity. And, perhaps above all, the church should pray—God is bigger than
bioethics and nothing is impossible with him.
SJF: What person has had the most influence in your professional life and
why?
AF: That’s another really hard question! My heroes list would include C.S.
Lewis, Bob Dylan, the whole range of classic detective fiction writers (not
least G. K. Chesterton), and amongst many others Jesus Christ would be way
out in front. Alternatively, the answer is my wife Catrin, without whom I
could not have done anything these last thirty years.
SJF: What do you hope for the Center to accomplish in the next decade?
AF: Grow. Change America. Change the world. Bring bioethics within
boundaries all of society can recognize and welcome.
SJF: To you, what is the most interesting aspect of American culture and
why?
AF: I think it would have to be the ‘can do’ spirit. It’s young here, and
very exciting in that people believe they personally can advance and so can
the nation. But of course there’s a downside to that if we don’t have
widespread discussion and consensus about limits. So your biggest plus point
can also be a minus!
SJF: What do you think about American fast food?
AF: Supersize me! No, please don’t. Seriously, American fast food is better
cooked, better served, and better priced than in Britain. But I prefer slow
food and slow fellowship around the table. I was fascinated to read in the
Chicago Tribune recently that families are starting to rediscover all
the benefits of having meals together. In a fast moving world that needs
time out to review its values, I am reminded that Jesus did much of his
teaching around the meal table.
SJF: Tell me about how your interest in medical ethics developed.
AF: In the early 1980s I was an ordinary working family physician but had
recently joined the Christian Medical Fellowship (the UK equivalent of CMDA)
and was starting to relate biblical principles to medical ethics questions.
I discovered I was quite good at it and I really enjoyed it. Then I began
being asked to do talks in churches, and I realized there was a further
layer of translation required to get both the medical facts and the
Christian concepts across to lay audiences. I discovered I enjoyed that even
more, and a few years later when my predecessor at CMF was coming up to
retirement, I realized there was a job coming available that was tailor made
for me. Or more correctly, I was being tailor made for that job.
Since then I’ve carried on developing that translation and interpretation
role, and in the UK have been christened “the soundbite king.” Soundbites -
the fast food of communication - are a necessary evil in our culture and I
am comfortable with that title, though in defense would point out that any
seven second soundbite must be capable of being developed for seven hours if
necessary. I therefore like to say I now do “joined up soundbites.” More
seriously, CBHD exists to do the research and analysis necessary to produce
both the media soundbites and the solid academic defenses. Since the best
method of defense is attack, CBHD is going to be even more proactive in its
commitment to engage. CBHD
Sarah J. Flashing, M.A.,
is the former Director of Church Relations at The
Center For Bioethics & Human Dignity in Deerfield, Illinois.
Copyright 2005 by The Center for Bioethics and Human
Dignity
The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the opinions of
CBHD, its staff, board or supporters. Permission to reprint granted as long as The Center for Bioethics and
Human Dignity and the web address for this article is referenced.
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