Nanobiotechnology is a branch of nanotechnology intertwined with nanomedicine, producing applications for medical use. The laudable aim in this context is to improve human health, by means of molecular manufacturing and nanodevices. Because its grandiose promises (including the ultimate one that through nanomedicine it may be possible to eradicate disease, and subsequently perhaps even death itself) it is understandable that both nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine attract investments. In the 7th Framework Program of the European Union (a primary instrument for research funding in Europe), nanotechnology research budget was been tripled compared to the previous one, with a strong increase in the funding of nanomedicine. However, for some the advancement of health care is not the only goal, but advancing ideological purposes at the same time. For example, augmentation of human capacities, intellectually and physically, is a necessary step in order to proceed towards a transhumanist world or harmonious cyber-network society. I have analyzed and explicated the ideological content, which is often implicit, in nanobiotechnological discussion. The phase “ideological content” refers to viewpoints and assumptions that may be widespread and accepted within the nanobiotechnologists, but without clear evidentiary support in the realm of science. In my presentation I will first describe recent European developments in the field of nanobiotechnology, in order to show the type of research having most potential to create serious socio-ethical concerns. Although funded through tax revenue, certain research projects seem not to serve only a greater social need, but interests of specific interest groups. Second, I will discuss the nature of non-scientific notions and futuristic visions having influence on the research of nanobiotechnology. I will end with some concluding remarks about the reasons why the current science policy goals regarding nanotechnology seem to be vulnerable to ideological maneuvering, in order to enable discussion what might the options be.