Previous Page

The Economy of Physical Suffering

June 17, 2016

Audio Recording

Video Recording

Physical suffering is a phenomenon that follows the manifestation of evil experienced in the body or psyche. Therefore, suffering is an effect with definable causes. Aristotle’s reflection on causality presented in his fifth book of Metaphysics offers four causes that can be applied to this phenomenon—efficient, material, formal, and final. By identifying the efficient, material, and formal causes of suffering, we can better explore its final cause; specifically, what is it for? How can it be managed and used? What is its economy? Here, I propose the agent has the capacity to use the experience of evil willfully endured to achieve a good end. If an agent considers the impact this endurance and use can have to bring about a good or several goods rather than solely a privation of health, then he may be able to move from despair to hope because he realizes his purpose has not ceased to be but continues and is perhaps amplified through self-sacrifice and love. In addition to Aristotle’s Metaphysics, I will also draw from Thomas Aquinas’ Summa theologiae as well as a number of texts; from C.S. Lewis’s The Problem of Pain to Peter Kreeft’s Making Sense out of Suffering. This essay synthesizes classic and contemporary works, philosophical propositions, and peer-reviewed medical literature to explore the economy of suffering and offer inspiration for those who endure it. Though I am unable to exhaust the topic within the confines of this paper, by offering potential goods to those who experience suffering, it is my hope they choose to endure it heroically recognizing the fruits of their labor.

Keywords:
Pain; End of life; Meaning of suffering