This conference will focus primarily on ethical issues raised by contemporary treatment of the brain and the mind. This paper will approach these subjects in a somewhat different way by addressing how the brain can be used rationally in bioethics. Contemporary culture raises a number of questions about how important reasoned argument is in bioethics. For some, the role is fairly minimal. Some see ethics as little more than following the leanings one has for whatever reasons, whether cultural or biological. Some argue that Christian ethics should focus on faith and obedience, not reason and critical thought. Others note the contradictory positions defended by rational arguments and conclude that relativism provides the answer. Bioethics then becomes an exercise of values clarification, not argument analysis. The position presented here will be that bioethics requires active involvement of the brain and mind. Whether known as argument analysis, moral reasoning, logic, or critical thinking, bioethics should include a way to develop and evaluate the positions presented on bioethical issues. A framework, based on the work of Stephen Toulmin, will be presented as a model for teaching bioethics. This provides one means by which positions can be developed, assumptions made more explicit, and evidence and arguments evaluated. One of the detrimental trends in postmodern culture has been a neglect of training and practice in critical thinking and logical argumentation. In many ways, the importance of evaluating information and arguments has been undermined. If all positions are to be accepted, why question and evaluate any? The framework to be presented helps make explicit the skills that people need to effectively engage in bioethical discussions. The presentation will also explore why reason is important for Christians, and why reasoned arguments are completely compatible with faith positions. It will also explore how faith-based assumptions can appropriately be brought into public dialogue on bioethics issues. Participants should come away with one approach to effectively using the brain in bioethics.