Women's Health

Overview

Increased attention is being given in medicine to the ways in which women’s bodies are different and react differently than men’s (e.g., female metabolism of drugs, responses to therapies, and differing indicators for heart disease). Yet despite this recognition, disparities in women’s health continue. Furthermore, women and girls are more vulnerable throughout their lifespan to medical discrimination, commodification, and exploitation. In addition to general issues of women’s health, resources on this topic give attention to the intersection of bioethics and violence against girls and women through practices such as sex selective testing and abortion, trafficking, and female genital mutilation; the burdens of child marriage; and maternal and perinatal risks.

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

  • Paige Comstock Cunningham, “She’s a Person, Not a Uterus: Fighting Women’s Global Health Disparities with Dignity.”
  • Susan Haack, “Transitions in Women's Healthcare: The Impact of the New Population Paradigm.”
  • Michael Sleasman and Paige Comstock Cunningham, “Bioethics, the Global Church, and Family Planning.”
  • Paige Comstock Cunningham, “’Womb Transplant Babies’: A Preliminary Exploration of Recent Biomedical Advances.”
  • Rebecca Oas, “Communities of Faith and the Global Family Planning Movement: Friends or Foes?”
  • Jeffrey and Monique Wubbenhorst, “Should Evangelical Christian Organizations Support International Family Planning?”
  • Michelle Kirtley, “Global Women’s Health, Commodification, and the Abortion Debate.”
  • Webinars on “Fathers’ Vital Contribution to Improving the Health & Safety of Mothers and Newborns” and Evidence-Based Best Practices to Address Maternal Mortality.

Bibliography

Women's Health (General)

  • Agosin, Marjorie, ed. Women, Gender, and Human Rights: A Global Perspective. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011.
  • Chandra, Prabha S., Helen Herrman, Jane E. Fisher, Marianne Kastrup, Unaiza Niaz, Marta Rondon, and Ahmed Okasha. Contemporary Topics in Women's Mental Health: Global Perspectives in a Changing Society. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
  • Croll, Elisabeth. Endangered Daughters: Discrimination and Development in Asia. New York: Routledge, 2000.
  • Dennerstein, Lorraine, ed. Women's Rights and Bioethics. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2001.
  • Dickenson, Donna. Property in the Body: Feminist Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Dodds, Susan. Linking Visions: Feminist Bioethics, Human Rights, and the Developing World. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
  • Evans, Debra. The Christian Woman's Guide to Personal Health Care. Wheaton: Crossway, 1999.
  • Farley, Margaret A. Compassionate Respect: A Feminist Approach to Medical Ethics and Other Questions. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2002.
  • Gibbon, Sahra. Breast Cancer Genes and the Gendering of Knowledge. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2007.
  • Holmes, Helen Bequaert, and Laura M. Purdy, eds. Feminist Perspectives in Medical Ethics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  • Kristof, Nicholas D. and Sheryl WuDunn. Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide. New York: Vintage, 2009.
  • Komesaroff, Paul A., ed. Troubled Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Postmodernism, Medical Ethics, and the Body. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.
  • Kohn, Tamara. Extending the Boundaries of Care: Medical Ethics and Caring Practices. Oxford, UK: Berg Publishers, 1999.
  • Kuhse, Helga. Caring: Nurses, Women and Ethics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 1997.
  • Levine, Ruth E. and Amanda Glassman. The Health of Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001.
  • Löwy, Ilana. Preventive Strikes: Women, Precancer, and Prophylactic Surgery. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.
  • MacKinnon, Catharine A. Are Women Human? And Other International Dialogues. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.
  • Mahowald, Mary Briody. Bioethics and Women: Across the Life Span. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  • Mahowald, Mary Briody. Genes, Women, Equality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Murray, Anne Firth. From Outrage to Courage: Women Taking Action for Health and Justice 2nd ed. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2013.
  • Murthy, Padmini and Clyde Lanford Smith, eds. Women's Global Health and Human Rights. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2010.
  • Parks, Jennifer A. No Place like Home? Feminist Ethics and Home Health Care. Medical Ethics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003.
  • Peters, Julie and Andrew Wolper, eds. Women's Rights, Human Rights: International Feminist Perspectives. New York: Routledge, 1995.
  • Petersen, Kerry. Intersections: Women on Law, Medicine and Technology. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 1997.
  • Rosser, Susan V., ed. Diversity and Women's Health. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009.  
  • Scully, Jackie Leach, Laurel E. Baldwin-Ragaven, and Petya Fitzpatrick, eds. Feminist Bioethics: At the Center, on the Margins. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
  • Sherwin, Susan. No Longer Patient: Feminist Ethics and Health Care. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992.
  • Sherwin, Susan. The Politics of Women's Health: Exploring Agency and Autonomy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998.
  • Sherwin, Susan, and Barbara Parish. Women, Medicine, Ethics and the Law. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2002.
  • Shildrick, Margrit, and Roxanne Mykitiuk, eds. Ethics of the Body: Postconventional Challenges. Basic bioethics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
  • Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist Approaches to Bioethics: Theoretical Reflections and Practical Applications. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
  • Tong, Rosemarie. Globalizing Feminist Bioethics: Crosscultural Perspectives. Darby, PA: Diane Publishing, 2003.
  • Tong, Rosemarie, Gwen Anderson and Aida Santos, eds. Globalizing Feminist Bioethics: Crosscultural Perspectives. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2000.
  • Tong, Rosemarie, Anne Donchin, and Susan Dodds, eds. Linking Visions: Feminist Bioethics, Human Rights, and the Developing World. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
  • Vigen, Aana Marie. Women, Ethics, and Inequality in U.S. Healthcare: "To Count among the Living." New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2006.
  • Walker, Margaret Urban. Mother Time: Women, Aging, and Ethics. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
  • Wilkinson, Sue and Celia Kitzinger, eds. Women and Health: Feminist Perspectives. Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis, 1994.
  • Wolf, Susan M. Feminism & Bioethics: Beyond Reproduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Worden, Minky and Christiane Amanpour, eds. The Unfinished Revolution: Voices from the Global Fight for Women's Rights. New York: Seven Stories Press, 2012.

Female Child Marriage

  • Goswami, Sambodh. Female Infanticide and Child Marriage: India, Rajasthan. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2007.
  • Huang, Hua-Lun. The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900-2000s. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2012.
  • Sagade, Jaya. Child Marriage in India: Socio-Legal and Human Rights Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Female Genital Mutilation, Genital Cutting, & Female Circumcision

  • Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. Female Circumcision: Multicultural Perspectives. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.
  • Bekers, Elisabeth. Rising Anthills: African and African American Writing on Female Genital Excision, 1960-2000. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2010.
  • Boyle, Elizabeth Heger. Female Genital Cutting: Cultural Conflict in the Global Community. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
  • Gruenbaum, Ellen. The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.
  • Hernlund, Ylva K. and Bettina K. Shell-Duncan, eds. Transcultural Bodies: Female Genital Cutting in Global Context. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007.
  • Hicks, Esther K. Infibulation: Female Mutilation in Islamic Northeastern Africa. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1993.
  • James, Stanlie M. and Claire C. Robertson, eds. Genital Cutting and Transnational Sisterhood: Disputing US Polemics. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
  • Klein, Hanny Lightfoot, Ellen Cole, and Esther D. Rothblum. Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey into Female Genital Circumcision in Africa. New York: Routledge, 1989.
  • Mottin-Sylla, Marie-Helene and Joelle Palmieri. Confronting Female Genital Mutilation: The Role of Youth and ICTs in Changing Africa. Cape Town: Pambazuka Press, 2011.
  • Rogo, Khama, Tshiya Subayi, Nahid Toubia, and Eiman Hussein Sharief. Female Genital Cutting, Women's Health, and Development: The Role of the World Bank. Washington DC: The World Bank, 2007.
  • Skaine, Rosemarie: Female Genital Mutilation: Legal, Cultural and Medical Issues. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., Publishers, 2005.
  • Walker, Alice and Pratibha Parmar. Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1993.
  • Wangila, Mary Nyangweso. Female Circumcision: The Interplay of Religion, Culture and Gender in Kenya. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2007.
  • World Health Organization. Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998.

Gender-Based Violence

  • Chesney-Lind, Meda. Fighting for Girls: New Perspectives on Gender and Violence. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2010.
  • Clay-Warner, Jody and Mary E. Odem, eds. Confronting Rape and Sexual Assault. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997.
  • DeKeseredy, Walter S. Violence against Women: Myths, Facts, Controversies. Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2011.
  • Edwards, Alice. Violence against Women under International Human Rights Law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Ennaji, Moha and Fatima Sadigi, eds. Gender and Violence in the Middle East. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Fineman, Martha Albertson, ed. The Public Nature of Private Violence: Women and the Discovery of Abuse. New York, Routledge, 1994.
  • Fisher, Bonnie S., Leah E. Daigle, and Francis T. Cullen. Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2010.
  • Ghanim, David. Gender and Violence in the Middle East. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2009.
  • Giles, Wenona and Jennifer Hyndman, eds. Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004.
  • Girshick, Lori B. Women-to-Woman Sexual Violence: Does She Call It Rape? Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2002.
  • Heberle, Renée J.  and Victoria Grace, eds. Theorizing Sexual Violence. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Hedgepeth, Sonja M. and Rochelle G. Saidel, eds. Sexual Violence against Jewish Women During the Holocaust. Lebanon, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2010.
  • LaViolette, Alyce D. and Ola W. Barnett, eds. It Could Happen to Anyone: Why Battered Women Stay. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 2000.
  • Menjívar, Cecilia. Enduring Violence: Ladina Women's Lives in Guatemala. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2011.
  • Merry, Sally Engle. Gender Violence: A Cultural Perspective. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
  • Merry, Sally Engle. Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2006.
  • O'Toole, Laura L., Jessica R. Schiffman, and Margie L. Kiter, eds. Gender Violence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2nd ed. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
  • Parrot, Andrea and Nina Cummings. Forsaken Females: The Global Brutalization of Women. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.
  • Price, Joshua M. Structural Violence: Hidden Brutality in the Lives of Women. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2012.
  • Ptacek, James. Restorative Justice and Violence against Women. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Purday, Laura M., Stanley G. French, and Wanda Teays, eds. Violence against Women: Philosophical Perspectives. New York: Cornell University, 1998.
  • Renzetti, Claire M., Jeffrey L. Edleson, and Raquel Kennedy Bergen. Sourcebook on Violence against Women. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2011.
  • Ristock, Janice. No More Secrets: Violence in Lesbian Relationships. New York: Routledge, 2002.
  • Staudt, Kathleen. Violence and Activism at the Border: Gender, Fear, and Everyday Life in Ciudad Juarez. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2008.
  • True, Jacqui. The Political Economy of Violence against Women. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
  • Warshaw, Robin. I Never Called it Rape: The Ms. Report on Recognizing, Fighting, and Surviving Date and Acquaintance Rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1994.
  • Wies, Jennifer and Hillary J. Haldane, eds. Anthropology at the Front Lines of Gender-Based Violence. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2011.

HIV/AIDS

  • Ammann, Arthur J. and Julie Ponsford Holland, eds. Women, HIV and the Church: In Search of Refuge. Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2012.
  • Berger, Michelle Tracy. Workable Sisterhood: The Political Journey of Stigmatized Women with HIV/AIDS. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004.
  • Booth, Karen M. Local Women, Global Science: Fighting AIDS in Kenya. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004.
  • Brown, Marvelyn and Courtney E. Martin. The Naked Truth: Young, Beautiful, and (HIV) Positive. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.
  • Campbell, Carole A. Women, Families, & HIV/AIDS: A Sociological Perspective on the Epidemic in America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
  • Ciambrone, Desiree. Women's Experiences with HIV/AIDS: Mending Fractured Selves. New York: Routledge, 2003.
  • Conrad, Cecilia A. and Cheryl Doss, eds. AIDS, Gender and Economic Development. New York: Routledge, 2011.
  • Dorn, Nicholas, Sheila Henderson and Nigel South, eds. AIDS: Women, Drugs and Social Care. Bristol, PA: Taylor & Francis, 1992.
  • Doyal, Lesley, Jennie Naidoo and Tamsin Wilton, eds. AIDS: Setting a Feminist Agenda. London: Taylor & Francis, 1994.
  • Dube, Musa W. and Musimbi Kanyoro. Grant Me Justice! HIV/AIDS and Gender Readings of the Bible. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2004.
  • Faden, Ruth R., Gail Geller, and Madison Powers, eds. AIDS, Women, and the Next Generation: Towards a Morally Acceptable Public Policy for HIV Testing of Pregnant Women and Newborns. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
  • Faden, Ruth R., and Nancy E. Kass, eds. HIV, AIDS and Childbearing: Public Policy, Private Lives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Fuller, Linda K. African Women's Unique Vulnerabilities to HIV/AIDS: Communication Perspectives and Promises. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  • Gentry, Quinn. Black Women's Risk for HIV: Rough Living. New York: Routledge, 2007.
  • Gilbert, Dorie J. and Ednita M. Wright, eds. African American Women and HIV/AIDS: Critical Responses. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2003.
  • Goldstein, Nancy and Jennifer L. Manlowe, eds. The Gender Politics of HIV/AIDS in Women: Perspectives on the Pandemic in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 1997.
  • Hausman, Bernice L. Viral Mothers: Breastfeeding in the Age of HIV/AIDS. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2010.
  • Lather, Patricia A. and Chris Smithies. Troubling the Angels: Women Living with HIV/AIDS. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.
  • Liamputtong, Pranee. Women, Motherhood and Living with HIV/AIDS: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013.
  • Paterson, Gillian. Women in the Time of AIDS: Women, Health and the Challenge of HIV. New York: Orbis, 1996.
  • Patton, Cindy. Last Served? Gendering the HIV Pandemic. Taylor & Francis: London, 1994.
  • Squire, Corinne, ed. Women and AIDS: Psychological Perspectives. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, Inc., 1993.
  • Susser, Ida. AIDS, Sex, and Culture: Global Policies and Survival. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2009.
  • Tallis, Vicci. Feminisms, HIV and AIDS: Subverting Power, Reducing Vulnerability. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
  • Zheng, Tiantian. Ethnographies of Prostitution in Contemporary China: Gender Relations, HIV/AIDS, and Nationalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Maternal & Perinatal Issues

  • Berry, Nicole S. Unsafe Motherhood: Mayan Maternal Mortality and Subjectivity in Post-war Guatemala. New York: Berghahn Books, 2012.
  • Blank, Robert H. Mother and Fetus: Changing Notions of Maternal Responsibility. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
  • Bridges, Khiara M. Reproducing Race: An Ethnography of Pregnancy as a Site of Racialization. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2011.
  • Dickenson, Donna L., ed. Ethical Issues in Maternal-Fetal Medicine. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  • Foster, Illysa R. and Jon Lasser. Professional Ethics in Midwifery Practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Barlett, 2010.
  • Hunt, Paul and Tony Gray, eds. Maternal Mortality, Human Rights and Accountability. New York: Routledge, 2013.
  • Hussein, Julia, Affette McCaw-Binns, and Roger Webber, eds. Maternal and Perinatal Health in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: CABI, 2012.
  • Kitzinger, Sheila. Birth Crisis. New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Koblinsky, Marjorie A., ed. Reducing Maternal Mortality: Learning from Bolivia, China, Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Zimbabwe. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2003.
  • Loudon, Irvine. Death in Childbirth: An International Study of Maternal Care and Maternal Mortality 1800-1950. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Reist, Melinda Tankard. Defiant Birth: Women Who Resist Medical Eugenics. North Melbourne, Australia: Spinifex Press, 2006.
  • Roth, Rachel. Making Women Pay: The Hidden Costs of Fetal Rights. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
  • Rothenberg, Karen H. and Elizabeth Jean Thomson. Women and Prenatal Testing: Facing the Challenges of Genetic Technology. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 1994.
  • Scott, Rosamund. Rights, Duties, and the Body: Law and Ethics of the Maternal-Fetal Conflict. Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2002.
  • Sperling, Daniel. Management of Post-Mortem Pregnancy: Legal and Philosophical Aspects. Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2006.

Reproductive Issues

See the Reproductive Ethics Bibliography, particularly the "Reproduction & Women's Health Section."

Sex Selective Abortion, Prenatal Genetic Testing for Gender Selection, & Female Infanticide

  • Bhatnagar, Rashmi Dube and Reena Dube. Female Infanticide in India: A Feminist Cultural History. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2005.
  • Goswami, Sambodh. Female Infanticide and Child Marriage: India, Rajasthan. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2007.
  • Huang, Hua-Lun. The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900-2000s. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2012.
  • Hvistendahl, Mara, Unnatural Selection: Choosing Boys over Girls, and the Consequences of a Word Full of Men. Philadelphia, PA: Public Affairs, 2011.
  • Mungello, D.E. Drowning Girls in China: Female Infanticide in China Since 1650. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
  • Muthulakshmi, R. Female Infanticide: Its Causes and Solutions. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House, 1997.
  • Patel, Tulsi. Sex-Selective Abortion in India. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006.
  • Purewal, Navtej K. Son Preference: Sex Selection, Gender and Culture in South Asia. New York: Berg Publishers, 2010.
  • Sen, Mala. Death by Fire: Sati, Dowry Death, and Female Infanticide in Modern India. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.Shepherd, Mary Elizabeth. Sex-Selective Abortion in India: The Impact on Child Mortality. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2008.

Sex Trafficking & Sexual Slavery

  • Brennan, Denise. What's Love Got to Do with It? Transnational Desires and Sex Tourism in the Dominican Republic. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.
  • Cabezas, Amalia L. Economies of Desire: Sex and Tourism in Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2009.
  • Chin, Ko-lin and James O. Finckenauer. Selling Sex Overseas: Chinese Women and the Realities of Prostitution and Global Sex Trafficking. New York: New York University Press, 2012.
  • Destefano, Anthony M. The War on Human Trafficking: U.S. Policy Assessed. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007.
  • Ebbe, Obi N.I. and Dilip K. Das, eds. Global Trafficking in Women and Children. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.
  • Hua, Julietta. Trafficking Women's Human Rights. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2011.
  • Huang, Hua-Lun. The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900-2000s. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2012.
  • Jeffreys, Sheila. The Industrial Vagina: The Political Economy of the Global Sex Trade. New York: Routledge, 2009.
  • Kara, Siddharth. Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
  • Liu, Min. Migration, Prostitution, and Human Trafficking: The Voice of Chinese Women. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2011.
  • Luibheid, Eithne. Entry Denied: Controlling Sexuality at the Border. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
  • Mam, Somaly. The Road of Lost Innocence: The True Story of a Cambodian Heroine. New York: Random House, 2005.
  • McCabe, Kimberly A. and Sabita Manian. Sex Trafficking: A Global Perspective. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2010.
  • Miller, Susan L. Victims as Offenders: The Paradox of Women's Violence in Relationships. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005.
  • Parrot, Andrea and Nina Cummings. Sexual Enslavement of Girls and Women Worldwide. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2008.
  • Soh, C. Sarah. The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
  • Zheng, Tiantian. Red Lights: The Lives of Sex Workers in Postsocialist China. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.

For related materials, also consult the Reproductive Ethics Bibliography.

Position Statement

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